Wildlife Clinic

Species

Woodland jumping mouse

Napaeozapus insignis

A leaping mountain mouse with golden sides and a long, white-tipped tail.

A woodland jumping mouse on the forest floor, its golden sides bright and its long thin tail stretched behind.

Photo D Gordon E. Robertson (opens in a new tab) / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0 (opens in a new tab)

At a glance

Size
Body about 8 to 10 cm; tail about 12 to 16 cm
Weight
About 17 to 35 g
Habitat
Cool, moist forests near streams, often with ferns and rhododendron; in Georgia, the northeastern mountains
Diet
Seeds, fruit, fungi, including underground truffles, and insects
Active
Night
Shelter
Nests on the ground in summer; burrows for hibernation
Lifespan
A year or two
Rabies vector
No

Identification

Key marks
Bright orange-yellow sides; dark brown back stripe; white belly; very long tail with a white tip; long hind feet
Told apart from
Meadow jumping mouse, which is duller and lacks the white tail tip
Where to look
Stream banks in cool mountain forest in north Georgia

Behaviour

Woodland jumping mice leap through the forest in bounds, using their long tails for balance. They feed at night along streams and on the forest floor, eating seeds, fruit, insects and underground fungi.

They hibernate deeply for about half the year in underground nests, after fattening up in late summer and early autumn.

Why they matter

Like red-backed voles, woodland jumping mice eat underground fungi and spread their spores, helping the fungi that grow with tree roots.

In Georgia they are rare and found only in the cool, moist forests of the northeastern mountains, part of the northern wildlife that survives on the high ridges.

Reproduction and lifecycle

Breeding — late spring and summer, one or two litters
Gestation — about 23 to 29 days
Litter — usually three to six young
Weaning — at about five weeks old
Hibernation — from autumn to spring, about six months
Lifespan — a year or two

Living around people

  • Keeping forest along mountain streams intact keeps their habitat.
  • A jumping mouse found in winter is hibernating and should be left undisturbed.

Misconceptions

  • Mice cannot jump far. Woodland jumping mice bound through the forest in long leaps.
  • Georgia is too far south for northern mammals. Its highest mountains still hold some.

Related species

Seasonal activity

When this species is breeding, and when there are nests on the ground. Mowing during the shaded months is how most nests are found.

Breeding and active nests by month for this species
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
BreedingJan: noFeb: noMar: noApr: noMay: noJun: noJul: noAug: noSep: noOct: noNov: noDec: no
Active nestsJan: noFeb: noMar: noApr: noMay: noJun: noJul: noAug: noSep: noOct: noNov: noDec: no
NotesHibernatingHibernatingHibernatingHibernating; some emerge late in the monthEmerging; breeding beginsFirst littersBreeding continuesFeeding heavily to build fatFattening; some enter hibernationHibernatingHibernatingHibernating

Where it lives

Recorded in 28 states and provinces. Each one links to the other animals there, and to the rehabilitators licensed for them.

If you found one

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