Wildlife Clinic

Species

Red cornsnake

Pantherophis guttatus

A beautifully marked orange-and-red constrictor that hunts rodents in fields, woods and barns.

A red cornsnake coiled in grass, its body patterned with red-brown blotches edged in black.

Photo Everglades NPS from Homestead, Florida, United States (opens in a new tab) / Wikimedia Commons, Public domain (opens in a new tab)

At a glance

Size
Usually 75 to 150 cm long
Habitat
Pine woods, field edges, old buildings and rocky hillsides
Diet
Mice, rats, birds and lizards
In Georgia
Statewide
Venomous
No
Rabies vector
No

Identification

Key marks
Orange to reddish blotches edged in black on a grey or tan body; black-and-white chequered belly; a spear-shaped mark on the head
Told apart from
Eastern copperhead, which has hourglass bands, a coppery head and no chequered belly
Where to look
Under boards and in old buildings; mostly out at night

Behaviour

Corn snakes hunt rodents in burrows and buildings, mostly at night. They climb well and constrict their prey. The name is said to come from the chequered belly, which looks like kernels of Indian corn, or from their visits to corn cribs.

Why they matter

They are important rodent predators around farms. Many are killed in mistake for copperheads.

Reproduction and lifecycle

Eggs — Usually 10 to 30
Nest — In rotting logs or loose soil
Incubation — About 60 to 65 days
Hatchlings — About 25 to 35 cm long
Maturity — At two to three years
Lifespan — Over 10 years in the wild

Living around people

  • It is harmless; a corn snake indoors can be guided out.
  • Never release pet corn snakes.

Misconceptions

  • Red snakes are copperheads. Corn snakes are often killed by mistake; look for the chequered belly and the lack of hourglass bands.

Related species

Seasonal activity

When this species is breeding, and when there are nests on the ground. Mowing during the shaded months is how most nests are found.

Breeding and active nests by month for this species
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
BreedingJan: noFeb: noMar: noApr: noMay: noJun: noJul: noAug: noSep: noOct: noNov: noDec: no
Active nestsJan: noFeb: noMar: noApr: noMay: noJun: noJul: noAug: noSep: noOct: noNov: noDec: no
NotesShelteringShelteringEmergingActiveMatingLayingActive at nightHatchingYoung activeActiveShelteringSheltering

Where it lives

Recorded in 13 states and provinces. Each one links to the other animals there, and to the rehabilitators licensed for them.

If you found one

Answer a few questions and you will get a specific answer for what you are looking at.

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