Wildlife Clinic

Species

Long-tailed weasel

Neogale frenata

A slim, fierce, long-bodied hunter with a black-tipped tail, able to take prey larger than itself.

A long-tailed weasel standing tall in short grass, its brown back, cream throat and dark face with pale markings showing.

Photo benjchristensen (opens in a new tab) / iNaturalist, CC BY 4.0 (opens in a new tab)

At a glance

Size
Body about 20 to 30 cm; tail about 10 to 15 cm
Weight
About 85 to 350 g; males are much larger than females
Habitat
Forests, fields, farmland, marshes and brushy edges, usually near water
Diet
Mice, voles, rats, rabbits, squirrels, chipmunks, birds and eggs
Active
Day and night
Shelter
Dens in the burrows of prey, rock piles, hollow logs and brush
Lifespan
A few years
Rabies vector
No

Identification

Key marks
Long, slender body; short legs; brown back, cream to orange-yellow belly; tail about half the length of the body with a black tip
Winter coat
In the north, turns white in winter except for the black tail tip; in Georgia it stays brown
Told apart from
American mink, which is dark chocolate-brown all over and lives by water
Told apart from
Squirrels and chipmunks, which have bushy tails and move differently
Where to look
Stone walls, brush piles and field edges, often bounding across a road or path

Behaviour

Long-tailed weasels are active, curious hunters that search every hole, crevice and burrow for prey. They kill with a bite to the back of the head, and can take animals larger than themselves, including rabbits.

They are restless and fast, bounding with their backs arched, and will stand up on their hind legs to look around. They often take over the burrows of animals they have eaten.

Why they matter

Weasels are among the most effective natural controls of mice, voles and rats. A single weasel eats a large number of rodents in a year, following them into their own tunnels where few other predators can reach.

They are also a sign of healthy, varied farmland and woodland with enough cover and prey.

Reproduction and lifecycle

Mating — midsummer
Delayed implantation — the embryos rest for most of the year before implanting in late winter
Pregnancy — about 27 days after implantation
Birth — April and May, usually four to eight young
Eyes open — at about five weeks old
Weaning — at about five to six weeks old
Independence — by late summer
Lifespan — a few years

Living around people

  • Weasels sometimes raid chicken coops; secure coops with fine mesh and a solid floor.
  • Rodent poisons kill weasels that eat poisoned mice and rats.
  • Stone walls, brush piles and field edges give them cover and prey.
  • A weasel is unlikely to harm a person and will usually avoid people.

Misconceptions

  • Weasels are sneaky and cruel. They are hunters doing what their bodies are built for, and they remove many rodents.
  • A weasel near the house is dangerous. It is there for the mice.

Related species

Seasonal activity

When this species is breeding, and when there are nests on the ground. Mowing during the shaded months is how most nests are found.

Breeding and active nests by month for this species
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
BreedingJan: noFeb: noMar: noApr: noMay: noJun: noJul: noAug: noSep: noOct: noNov: noDec: no
Active nestsJan: noFeb: noMar: noApr: noMay: noJun: noJul: noAug: noSep: noOct: noNov: noDec: no
NotesActive; hunting rodents under snow in the northActiveActiveYoung born in a den, after a long delayed pregnancyYoung open their eyes at about five weeks oldYoung begin following their mother on huntsMating season; young disperseMating continues; implantation is delayedActiveNorthern weasels begin changing to whiteActiveActive

Where it lives

Recorded in 87 states and provinces. Each one links to the other animals there, and to the rehabilitators licensed for them.

If you found one

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