Wildlife Clinic

Species

American mink

Neogale vison

A dark, sleek wetland predator that hunts along stream banks, marshes and pond edges.

A mink with its wet fur spiked into points, standing on a rock at a pond's edge.

Photo Needsmoreritalin (opens in a new tab), CC BY-SA 3.0 (opens in a new tab)

At a glance

Occurrence
Native to North America
Habitat
Streams, rivers, wetlands, marshes and wooded shorelines
Diet
Crayfish, frogs, fish, mice, rats, birds and other small animals
Activity
Mostly nocturnal and crepuscular
Shelter
Bank burrows, hollow logs, root cavities and abandoned dens close to water
Social pattern
Solitary outside breeding and maternal care
Rabies vector
No

Identification

Key marks
Long dark-brown body, small rounded ears, white chin patch and a moderately bushy tail
Told apart from
North American river otter, which is several times larger with a broader head and thick powerful tail
Where to look
Streams, rivers, wetlands, marshes and wooded shorelines

Behaviour

It is mostly nocturnal and crepuscular. It uses habitats including streams, rivers, wetlands, marshes and wooded shorelines. It feeds on crayfish, frogs, fish, mice, rats, birds and other small animals.

Mink patrol shorelines, slipping between water and dense bank cover. They swim and dive well but also hunt extensively on land.

Mink move fluently between land and water, using bank burrows, root tangles and hollow logs as shelter.

Why they matter

Mink connect aquatic and terrestrial food webs by eating crayfish, frogs, fish and rodents along wetland edges.

Their oily, dense fur and streamlined body allow repeated cold-water hunting while remaining agile on land.

Reproduction and lifecycle

Mating — mainly late winter.
Delayed implantation — pregnancy includes a variable delay; total gestation is commonly about 40–75 days.
Kits — usually 3–6 are born in a bank den or other sheltered cavity in spring.
Weaning — roughly 6–10 weeks, with juveniles dispersing later in summer.

Living around people

  • Secure poultry with small-mesh fencing and a covered top.
  • Remove fishing line and other entangling debris from stream banks.
  • Keep dogs from pursuing mink into tight bank cover.
  • Avoid outdoor rodenticide because mink can eat poisoned rodents.

Misconceptions

  • Mink live only in water. They are semi-aquatic and spend substantial time hunting and travelling on land.
  • Every dark animal swimming in a creek is an otter. Mink are much smaller and slimmer with a narrower tail.
  • Mink attack people readily. They normally avoid people but can defend themselves if cornered.

Related species

Seasonal activity

When this species is breeding, and when there are nests on the ground. Mowing during the shaded months is how most nests are found.

Breeding and active nests by month for this species
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
BreedingJan: noFeb: noMar: noApr: noMay: noJun: noJul: noAug: noSep: noOct: noNov: noDec: no
Active nestsJan: noFeb: noMar: noApr: noMay: noJun: noJul: noAug: noSep: noOct: noNov: noDec: no
NotesActive along waterways; winter travel and hunting continue.Mating season begins or intensifies.Breeding continues and delayed implantation makes pregnancy length variable.Pregnant females prepare bank dens.Kits are commonly born and remain in the den.Kits grow rapidly and begin eating solid prey.Young start travelling and hunting with the mother.Juveniles disperse along waterways.Adults return to mostly solitary ranges.Year-round shoreline hunting continues.Dense winter fur develops as temperatures cool.No hibernation; mink remain active through winter.

If you found one

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