Wildlife Clinic

Species

Eastern fence lizard

Sceloporus undulatus

A grey, rough-scaled lizard of sunny fences, logs and woodpiles, whose males flash blue bellies.

An eastern fence lizard basking on a sunlit rock, its rough, keeled scales patterned in grey and brown.

Photo Daniel Schwen (opens in a new tab) / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens in a new tab)

At a glance

Size
About 10 to 19 cm long including the tail
Habitat
Dry, open woods, pine forests, woodpiles, fences and rocky places
Diet
Insects, spiders and other small invertebrates
In Georgia
Common statewide
Rabies vector
No

Identification

Key marks
Rough, spiny grey or brown scales with dark wavy bars; males have bright blue patches on the belly and throat
Told apart from
Skinks, which have smooth, shiny scales
Where to look
Basking on fence posts, logs, stumps and tree trunks, dodging round to the far side when approached

Behaviour

Fence lizards bask in the sun and dash up trees, keeping the trunk between themselves and a watcher. Males display by bobbing and doing push-ups to show their blue bellies. Where fire ants have invaded, fence lizards have evolved longer legs and new behaviour to shake the ants off.

Why they matter

Fence lizards eat many insects and are prey for snakes, birds and mammals. Their blood carries a protein that kills the bacteria causing Lyme disease in ticks that feed on them, which may lower the risk of the disease where the lizards are common.

Reproduction and lifecycle

Eggs — Usually 3 to 16, one to several clutches a year
Nest — Dug in loose, sunny soil
Incubation — About 6 to 10 weeks
Hatchlings — About 5 cm long
Maturity — In their first or second year
Lifespan — Usually a few years

Living around people

  • Woodpiles and stone walls give fence lizards shelter.
  • A fence lizard indoors can be herded out of a door; it is harmless.

Misconceptions

  • Lizards spread disease to people. Fence lizards may even help reduce Lyme disease in ticks.

Related species

Seasonal activity

When this species is breeding, and when there are nests on the ground. Mowing during the shaded months is how most nests are found.

Breeding and active nests by month for this species
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
BreedingJan: noFeb: noMar: noApr: noMay: noJun: noJul: noAug: noSep: noOct: noNov: noDec: no
Active nestsJan: noFeb: noMar: noApr: noMay: noJun: noJul: noAug: noSep: noOct: noNov: noDec: no
NotesSheltering; out on warm daysOut on warm daysActiveMales displayingBreeding; layingLayingLayingHatchlingsHatchlingsActiveShelteringSheltering

Where it lives

Recorded in 19 states and provinces. Each one links to the other animals there, and to the rehabilitators licensed for them.

If you found one

Answer a few questions and you will get a specific answer for what you are looking at.

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