Wildlife Clinic

Species

Yellow-billed cuckoo

Coccyzus americanus

A slender, secretive bird of leafy woods that eats hairy caterpillars other birds refuse.

A yellow-billed cuckoo perched among bright green leaves, its white underparts, curved yellow bill and white-spotted tail showing.

Photo Unknown photographer (opens in a new tab) / iNaturalist, CC0 1.0 (opens in a new tab)

At a glance

Size
About 26 to 30 cm long
Weight
About 55 to 65 g
Habitat
Woodland edges, thickets, riverside trees and orchards
Diet
Mostly large caterpillars, including hairy and spiny ones; also cicadas and katydids
In Georgia
A common summer resident, late April to October
Voice
A hollow, knocking "ka-ka-ka-ka-kow-kow-kowlp", often before rain
Rabies vector
No

Identification

Key marks
Long, slender brown and white bird; curved bill with a yellow lower half; long tail with bold white spots beneath; rufous wings in flight
Told apart from
Black-billed cuckoo, which has a dark bill, a red eye-ring and small tail spots
Told apart from
Mourning dove, which has a small straight bill and a plain grey tail
Where to look
Dense leafy trees; usually heard rather than seen

Behaviour

Yellow-billed cuckoos move slowly and quietly through dense leaves, pausing to look for caterpillars. When caterpillar outbreaks happen, they gather to feed on them and may lay more eggs.

Unlike the European cuckoo, they usually raise their own young, though they sometimes lay eggs in other birds' nests.

Why they matter

Yellow-billed cuckoos eat the hairy tent caterpillars and spongy moth caterpillars that most birds avoid. They periodically shed the lining of their stomachs to get rid of the hairs that collect there. Their numbers rise and fall with caterpillar outbreaks, making them a natural check on forest pests.

Reproduction and lifecycle

Nest — A flimsy platform of twigs in a shrub or tree
Eggs — Usually two to four
Incubation — About 9 to 11 days, one of the shortest of any bird
Nestlings — Grow very fast and climb out of the nest at about 7 to 9 days
Flight — About three weeks after hatching
Lifespan — A few years

Living around people

  • Spraying woods and gardens for caterpillars removes their main food.
  • Cuckoos often hit windows during migration.

Misconceptions

  • All cuckoos lay their eggs in other birds' nests. North American cuckoos usually raise their own young.
  • The "rain crow" really predicts rain. It calls often on hot, humid days before storms, but it calls in dry weather too.

Related species

Seasonal activity

When this species is breeding, and when there are nests on the ground. Mowing during the shaded months is how most nests are found.

Breeding and active nests by month for this species
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
BreedingJan: noFeb: noMar: noApr: noMay: noJun: noJul: noAug: noSep: noOct: noNov: noDec: no
Active nestsJan: noFeb: noMar: noApr: noMay: noJun: noJul: noAug: noSep: noOct: noNov: noDec: no
NotesIn South AmericaIn South AmericaIn South AmericaArriving late in the monthArriving; pairs formingNestingNestingLate nests; young fledgingMigrating southLast birds leavingIn South AmericaIn South America

Where it lives

Recorded in 62 states and provinces. Each one links to the other animals there, and to the rehabilitators licensed for them.

If you found one

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