Wildlife Clinic

Species

Worm-eating warbler

Helmitheros vermivorum

A plain, buff warbler with bold head stripes that probes dead leaves for caterpillars on steep wooded slopes.

A worm-eating warbler perched on a twig, plain olive-brown above and buff below, with bold black stripes on its buff head.

Photo carbenoid (opens in a new tab) / iNaturalist, CC BY 4.0 (opens in a new tab)

At a glance

Size
About 11 to 13 cm long
Weight
About 12 to 16 g
Habitat
Deciduous forests on steep hillsides and ravines
Diet
Caterpillars and insects, often from clusters of dead leaves
In Georgia
A summer resident in the north; a migrant elsewhere
Voice
A dry, insect-like trill
Rabies vector
No

Identification

Key marks
Plain olive back; buff head with bold black stripes; buff underparts
Told apart from
Swainson's warbler, which has a rusty cap and no black stripes
Where to look
Wooded slopes with dense understorey

Behaviour

Worm-eating warblers specialise in probing hanging clusters of dead leaves for caterpillars and spiders.

Why they matter

Despite the name, they rarely eat worms; they eat caterpillars, which in older usage were called worms. They need large, steep forested slopes.

Reproduction and lifecycle

Nest — A cup on the ground, hidden in leaves on a slope
Eggs — Usually four or five
Incubation — About 13 days
Chicks — Fed by both parents
Lifespan — Several years

Living around people

  • Large forested slopes protect them.

Misconceptions

  • Worm-eating warblers eat earthworms. They eat caterpillars.

Related species

Seasonal activity

When this species is breeding, and when there are nests on the ground. Mowing during the shaded months is how most nests are found.

Breeding and active nests by month for this species
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
BreedingJan: noFeb: noMar: noApr: noMay: noJun: noJul: noAug: noSep: noOct: noNov: noDec: no
Active nestsJan: noFeb: noMar: noApr: noMay: noJun: noJul: noAug: noSep: noOct: noNov: noDec: no
NotesIn Central AmericaIn Central AmericaIn Central AmericaArrivingNestingNestingYoung fledgingPresentMigratingLast migrantsIn Central AmericaIn Central America

Where it lives

Recorded in 37 states and provinces. Each one links to the other animals there, and to the rehabilitators licensed for them.

If you found one

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