Wildlife Clinic

Species

Willow flycatcher

Empidonax traillii

A plain flycatcher of wet thickets that nests locally in north Georgia and sings a sneezy 'FITZ-bew'.

A willow flycatcher perched on a curving twig, a plain brownish-olive flycatcher with a whitish throat, pale wing bars and almost no eye-ring.

Photo Paul Danese (opens in a new tab) / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens in a new tab)

At a glance

Size
About 13 to 17 cm long
Weight
About 11 to 16 g
Habitat
Shrubby wetlands, willow thickets and wet fields
Diet
Insects
In Georgia
A local summer resident in the north; an uncommon migrant
Voice
A sneezy "FITZ-bew"
Rabies vector
No

Identification

Key marks
Brownish olive; faint or no eye-ring; two wing bars
Told apart from
Alder flycatcher, which sings "fee-BEE-o"
Where to look
Shrubby wetlands in north Georgia valleys

Behaviour

Willow flycatchers sing from exposed perches in shrubby wetlands and catch insects in flight.

Why they matter

Willow flycatchers depend on shrubby wetlands that are easily cleared. A western subspecies is endangered, and their fortunes follow those of streamside thickets.

Reproduction and lifecycle

Nest — A cup in the fork of a shrub
Eggs — Usually three or four
Incubation — About 12 to 15 days
Chicks — Fed by both parents
Lifespan — Several years

Living around people

  • Clearing shrubby wetlands removes their nesting habitat.

Misconceptions

  • All small flycatchers are the same. Several look almost identical and are told apart by song.

Related species

Seasonal activity

When this species is breeding, and when there are nests on the ground. Mowing during the shaded months is how most nests are found.

Breeding and active nests by month for this species
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
BreedingJan: noFeb: noMar: noApr: noMay: noJun: noJul: noAug: noSep: noOct: noNov: noDec: no
Active nestsJan: noFeb: noMar: noApr: noMay: noJun: noJul: noAug: noSep: noOct: noNov: noDec: no
NotesIn Central AmericaIn Central AmericaIn Central AmericaIn Central AmericaArrivingNestingNestingYoung fledging; migrantsLeavingIn Central AmericaIn Central AmericaIn Central America

Where it lives

Recorded in 66 states and provinces. Each one links to the other animals there, and to the rehabilitators licensed for them.

If you found one

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