Wildlife Clinic

Species

Southern Appalachian salamander

Plethodon teyahalee

A large, white-spotted woodland salamander of the high mountains of north-east Georgia.

A southern Appalachian salamander among leaves, glossy black with small white spots scattered along its sides.

Photo Matt Muir (opens in a new tab) / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 4.0 (opens in a new tab)

At a glance

Size
Usually 12 to 18 cm long
Habitat
High-elevation mountain forests
Diet
Small invertebrates
In Georgia
The mountains of north-east Georgia; uncommon
Rabies vector
No

Identification

Key marks
Black with small white spots; some have faint red on the legs
Told apart from
Red-legged salamander, which has bright red legs and no white spots
Where to look
Under logs and rocks in mountain forests

Behaviour

It lives under logs and rocks and hunts on the forest floor on wet nights. Where it meets its relatives it sometimes interbreeds with them.

Why they matter

It is one of the lungless salamanders that make the southern Appalachians the world's centre of salamander diversity.

Reproduction and lifecycle

Eggs — Laid underground and guarded by the female
Hatching — As tiny copies of the adults
Young — No aquatic stage
Maturity — At a few years
Lifespan — Many years
Breathing — Through the skin; no lungs

Living around people

  • On mountain trails, leave rocks and logs where they are.

Misconceptions

  • Salamanders are rare. In some eastern forests the salamanders together outweigh all the birds.

Related species

Seasonal activity

When this species is breeding, and when there are nests on the ground. Mowing during the shaded months is how most nests are found.

Breeding and active nests by month for this species
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
BreedingJan: noFeb: noMar: noApr: noMay: noJun: noJul: noAug: noSep: noOct: noNov: noDec: no
Active nestsJan: noFeb: noMar: noApr: noMay: noJun: noJul: noAug: noSep: noOct: noNov: noDec: no
NotesUndergroundUndergroundActive on wet nightsActiveActiveLaying eggsActive on wet nightsActive on wet nightsYoung hatchingActive on wet nightsUnderground in cold weatherUnderground

Where it lives

Recorded in 4 states and provinces. Each one links to the other animals there, and to the rehabilitators licensed for them.

If you found one

Answer a few questions and you will get a specific answer for what you are looking at.

I found an animal