Wildlife Clinic

Species

Rusty blackbird

Euphagus carolinus

A declining blackbird of wooded swamps whose feathers turn rusty in winter.

A rusty blackbird in autumn plumage perched on a lichen-covered branch in Atlanta, black with rusty-edged feathers, a buff eyebrow and a pale yellow eye.

Photo Dan Vickers (opens in a new tab) / iNaturalist, CC BY 4.0 (opens in a new tab)

At a glance

Size
About 21 to 25 cm long
Weight
About 47 to 80 g
Habitat
Wooded swamps, flooded forests and wet fields in winter
Diet
Aquatic insects, snails, seeds and acorns
In Georgia
An uncommon winter visitor
Voice
A creaky, gate-hinge song
Rabies vector
No

Identification

Key marks
In winter, rusty-edged feathers on a black or grey body; pale yellow eye
Told apart from
Brewer's blackbird, which lacks rusty edges and has a dark eye in females
Where to look
Wooded swamps and wet woods in winter

Behaviour

Rusty blackbirds wade in shallow water in flooded forests, flipping leaves for insects.

Why they matter

The rusty blackbird has declined by about 90 per cent since the 1960s, one of the steepest declines of any North American songbird. The loss of wooded wetlands in both its breeding and wintering ranges is suspected.

Reproduction and lifecycle

Nest — A bulky cup in a conifer near water
Eggs — Usually four or five
Incubation — About 14 days
Chicks — Fed by both parents
Lifespan — Several years

Living around people

  • Wooded swamps and bottomland forests are their winter habitat.

Misconceptions

  • Blackbirds are always common. The rusty blackbird is one of the fastest-declining songbirds in North America.

Related species

Seasonal activity

When this species is breeding, and when there are nests on the ground. Mowing during the shaded months is how most nests are found.

Breeding and active nests by month for this species
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
BreedingJan: noFeb: noMar: noApr: noMay: noJun: noJul: noAug: noSep: noOct: noNov: noDec: no
Active nestsJan: noFeb: noMar: noApr: noMay: noJun: noJul: noAug: noSep: noOct: noNov: noDec: no
NotesWinteringWinteringLeavingMigrating northNesting in boreal wetlandsNestingYoung fledgingPresent in the northMigratingMigratingArrivingWintering

Where it lives

Recorded in 55 states and provinces. Each one links to the other animals there, and to the rehabilitators licensed for them.

If you found one

Answer a few questions and you will get a specific answer for what you are looking at.

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