Wildlife Clinic

Species

Red salamander

Pseudotriton ruber

A bright red, black-spotted salamander of springs and seeps, whose colour warns predators its skin is distasteful.

A red salamander among stones and leaves, bright orange-red and covered in small black spots.

Photo Nick Chirico (opens in a new tab) / iNaturalist, CC BY 4.0 (opens in a new tab)

At a glance

Size
Usually 10 to 15 cm long; up to about 18 cm
Habitat
Springs, seeps, clear streams and the wet woods around them
Diet
Worms, insects and smaller salamanders
In Georgia
Most of the state except the lower Coastal Plain
Rabies vector
No

Identification

Key marks
Stout, bright red to orange-red with many irregular black spots; yellow eyes; older adults purplish
Told apart from
Mud salamander, which has fewer, rounder spots and brown eyes
Told apart from
Eastern newt efts, which are rough-skinned and have red spots ringed in black
Where to look
Under logs and rocks by springs and seeps

Behaviour

Red salamanders spend much of their time in burrows near springs. Their bright colour mimics the toxic eastern newt eft, and their skin secretions are distasteful.

Why they matter

They are predators in spring-fed wetlands, where they eat other salamanders as well as invertebrates.

Reproduction and lifecycle

Eggs — Attached under rocks in springs
Hatching — In winter
Larvae — Aquatic for two to three years
Maturity — At four to five years
Lifespan — Around 20 years
Habits — Lives near springs

Living around people

  • Springs and seeps kept free of silt and cattle are where it lives.

Misconceptions

  • Bright colours mean an animal is venomous. It is harmless to people.

Related species

Seasonal activity

When this species is breeding, and when there are nests on the ground. Mowing during the shaded months is how most nests are found.

Breeding and active nests by month for this species
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
BreedingJan: noFeb: noMar: noApr: noMay: noJun: noJul: noAug: noSep: noOct: noNov: noDec: no
Active nestsJan: noFeb: noMar: noApr: noMay: noJun: noJul: noAug: noSep: noOct: noNov: noDec: no
NotesIn springsIn springsActiveActiveActiveActive on wet nightsActive on wet nightsActiveMatingLaying eggs in springsEggsLarvae hatching

Where it lives

Recorded in 17 states and provinces. Each one links to the other animals there, and to the rehabilitators licensed for them.

If you found one

Answer a few questions and you will get a specific answer for what you are looking at.

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