Wildlife Clinic

Species

Limpkin

Aramus guarauna

A wailing, long-billed wading bird that eats apple snails, spreading into Georgia as the snails do.

A limpkin standing on one leg on a boardwalk rail, its white-spotted brown plumage and long curved bill against soft green.

Photo Dr. Andrew G. Cannizzaro (opens in a new tab) / iNaturalist, CC BY 4.0 (opens in a new tab)

At a glance

Size
About 64 to 73 cm long
Weight
About 1 to 1.3 kg
Habitat
Freshwater marshes, swamps, spring runs and lake edges
Diet
Mainly large apple snails; also mussels, frogs and insects
In Georgia
An uncommon but increasing resident in the south of the state
Voice
A loud, eerie, wailing "kree-ow"
Rabies vector
No

Identification

Key marks
Brown with white spots and streaks; long, slightly curved bill; long legs
Told apart from
Juvenile white ibis, which has a strongly curved pink bill
Told apart from
Juvenile night-herons, which are stockier with short, thick bills
Where to look
Southern lakes and marshes where apple snails live

Behaviour

Limpkins wade and probe for apple snails, then carry them to shore, where they use their bill, which has a slight twist at the tip, to cut the snail from its shell. Piles of empty shells mark their feeding spots.

Why they matter

The limpkin is the only living member of its family. Its range in Georgia has grown with the spread of non-native apple snails, which it eats readily — a native bird taking advantage of an introduced pest.

Reproduction and lifecycle

Nest — A platform of plants in marsh vegetation or low shrubs
Eggs — Usually four to eight
Incubation — About 27 days
Chicks — Downy, leave the nest within a day
Flight — At about eight weeks
Lifespan — Several years

Living around people

  • The limpkin's night-time wailing can alarm people; it is only a bird calling.

Misconceptions

  • The wailing at night is someone in distress. It is almost certainly a limpkin.

Related species

Seasonal activity

When this species is breeding, and when there are nests on the ground. Mowing during the shaded months is how most nests are found.

Breeding and active nests by month for this species
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
BreedingJan: noFeb: noMar: noApr: noMay: noJun: noJul: noAug: noSep: noOct: noNov: noDec: no
Active nestsJan: noFeb: noMar: noApr: noMay: noJun: noJul: noAug: noSep: noOct: noNov: noDec: no
NotesResidentCallingNesting beginsNestingChicksChicksYoung independentPresentPresentPresentPresentPresent

Where it lives

Recorded in 29 states and provinces. Each one links to the other animals there, and to the rehabilitators licensed for them.

If you found one

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