Wildlife Clinic

Species

Gopher frog

Lithobates capito

A chunky, spotted frog that spends its days in gopher tortoise burrows and breeds in isolated ponds.

A gopher frog crouched on pale sand, stout and cream-coloured with dark spots and a golden eye.

Photo jakeschneider00 (opens in a new tab) / iNaturalist, CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens in a new tab)

At a glance

Size
About 6 to 10 cm long
Habitat
Longleaf pine sandhills with gopher tortoise burrows and isolated, fishless ponds
Diet
Insects, other frogs and toads
In Georgia
The Coastal Plain; rare
Voice
A deep snore
Rabies vector
No

Identification

Key marks
Stout, with a large head and warty-looking skin; dark spots on grey or tan
Told apart from
Southern leopard frog, which is slimmer with smooth skin and a pointed snout
Where to look
At burrow entrances on warm, wet nights; rarely seen

Behaviour

Gopher frogs shelter in gopher tortoise burrows and stump holes and travel over a kilometre to breed in isolated ponds after heavy winter rain.

Why they matter

They depend on gopher tortoises and on fishless, seasonal ponds in longleaf pine, and have declined with both.

Reproduction and lifecycle

Eggs — Masses of up to a few thousand on submerged plants
Hatching — In a week or two
Tadpoles — Change into frogs in 3 to 5 months
Maturity — In one to three years
Lifespan — Several years
Calling — In winter

Living around people

  • Gopher tortoise burrows and seasonal ponds in longleaf pine are what it needs.

Misconceptions

  • Frogs live in water. Gopher frogs spend most of their lives underground in dry uplands.

Related species

Seasonal activity

When this species is breeding, and when there are nests on the ground. Mowing during the shaded months is how most nests are found.

Breeding and active nests by month for this species
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
BreedingJan: noFeb: noMar: noApr: noMay: noJun: noJul: noAug: noSep: noOct: noNov: noDec: no
Active nestsJan: noFeb: noMar: noApr: noMay: noJun: noJul: noAug: noSep: noOct: noNov: noDec: no
NotesBreeding after heavy rainBreedingBreedingTadpolesTadpolesYoung frogs leave pondsIn burrowsIn burrowsIn burrowsIn burrowsMoving on wet nightsBreeding begins

Where it lives

Recorded in 4 states and provinces. Each one links to the other animals there, and to the rehabilitators licensed for them.

If you found one

Answer a few questions and you will get a specific answer for what you are looking at.

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