Wildlife Clinic

Species

Southern leopard frog

Lithobates sphenocephalus

A slender, spotted frog of marshes and wet fields that leaps in zigzags when startled.

A southern leopard frog on a rock, green and brown with rounded dark spots and pale ridges along its back.

Photo Judy Gallagher (opens in a new tab) / iNaturalist, CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens in a new tab)

At a glance

Size
About 5 to 9 cm long
Habitat
Marshes, ponds, ditches, wet meadows and brackish marsh
Diet
Insects, spiders and small invertebrates
In Georgia
Common statewide
Voice
Guttural croaks and chuckles, like rubbing a balloon
Rabies vector
No

Identification

Key marks
Green or brown with round dark spots; pale ridges down the back; pointed head; a light spot on the eardrum
Told apart from
Pickerel frog, which has square spots and yellow under the legs
Where to look
In wet grass near water; jumping ahead of you

Behaviour

Leopard frogs wander into wet grass and fields away from water in summer. When disturbed they leap in long zigzags. They breed in cool months in the South, sometimes in winter.

Why they matter

They are a key prey animal for snakes, herons and hawks and eat many insects.

Reproduction and lifecycle

Eggs — Clusters of hundreds to thousands
Hatching — In a week or two
Tadpoles — Change into frogs in 2 to 3 months
Maturity — Within a year
Lifespan — A few years
Calling — In cool months

Living around people

  • It is harmless; lawn chemicals near ponds harm it.

Misconceptions

  • Frogs only breed in spring. In Georgia the southern leopard frog often breeds in winter.

Related species

Seasonal activity

When this species is breeding, and when there are nests on the ground. Mowing during the shaded months is how most nests are found.

Breeding and active nests by month for this species
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
BreedingJan: noFeb: noMar: noApr: noMay: noJun: noJul: noAug: noSep: noOct: noNov: noDec: no
Active nestsJan: noFeb: noMar: noApr: noMay: noJun: noJul: noAug: noSep: noOct: noNov: noDec: no
NotesBreeding in mild weatherBreedingBreedingYoung frogsActiveActive in wet grassActiveActiveBreeding in autumn rainsBreedingActive on mild daysBreeding in mild weather

Where it lives

Recorded in 21 states and provinces. Each one links to the other animals there, and to the rehabilitators licensed for them.

If you found one

Answer a few questions and you will get a specific answer for what you are looking at.

I found an animal