Wildlife Clinic

Species

Florida red-bellied cooter

Pseudemys nelsoni

A big basking turtle of southeast Georgia's swamps that sometimes lays its eggs inside alligator nests.

A Florida red-bellied cooter climbing onto a log from the water, its dark shell marked with orange-red bars.

Photo Peter Chen 2.0 (opens in a new tab) / iNaturalist, CC BY 4.0 (opens in a new tab)

At a glance

Size
Shell usually 25 to 34 cm long
Habitat
Swamps, marshes, ponds, lakes and spring runs with dense water plants
Diet
Water plants and algae
In Georgia
Southeast Georgia, including the Okefenokee Swamp
Rabies vector
No

Identification

Key marks
Dark, high-arched shell with red or orange bars; reddish underside; a notch at the tip of the upper jaw with a cusp on each side
Told apart from
Coastal plain cooter, which has a plain yellow underside and no jaw notch
Where to look
Basking on logs and mats of floating plants in quiet water

Behaviour

Florida red-bellied cooters graze dense beds of water plants and bask for long periods. Females are known to dig their nests into the mounds alligators build, where the eggs gain warmth and a formidable guard.

Why they matter

They are grazers of southern swamps and spring runs, and their eggs and young feed many predators. The shared use of alligator nests is one of the more remarkable partnerships among Georgia's reptiles.

Reproduction and lifecycle

Nest — Dug in sandy soil, or into an alligator's nest mound
Eggs — Usually 7 to 25, in several clutches a year
Incubation — About 60 to 75 days
Hatchlings — Brightly patterned, with a green shell and yellow lines
Maturity — At several years
Lifespan — Decades

Living around people

  • Help one across a road in the direction it was heading, held by the sides of the shell.

Misconceptions

  • Turtle eggs in an alligator nest were stolen by the alligator. The turtle put them there.

Related species

Seasonal activity

When this species is breeding, and when there are nests on the ground. Mowing during the shaded months is how most nests are found.

Breeding and active nests by month for this species
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
BreedingJan: noFeb: noMar: noApr: noMay: noJun: noJul: noAug: noSep: noOct: noNov: noDec: no
Active nestsJan: noFeb: noMar: noApr: noMay: noJun: noJul: noAug: noSep: noOct: noNov: noDec: no
NotesBasking on warm daysBasking on warm daysActiveCourtshipNestingNestingNestingHatchingHatchlings emergeFeedingSlowing downMostly inactive

Where it lives

Recorded in 2 states and provinces. Each one links to the other animals there, and to the rehabilitators licensed for them.

United States

If you found one

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