Wildlife Clinic

Species

Common goldeneye

Bucephala clangula

A diving duck with a golden eye and a round white face spot, whose wings whistle in flight.

A male common goldeneye swimming on calm water at dusk, his round white face spot and golden eye catching the light.

Photo Dori (opens in a new tab) / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0 (opens in a new tab)

At a glance

Size
About 40 to 51 cm long
Weight
About 600 to 1,400 g
Habitat
Large lakes, rivers and coastal waters in winter
Diet
Crustaceans, insect larvae, snails and small fish
In Georgia
A rare to uncommon winter visitor
Voice
Mostly quiet; the wings make a loud whistle in flight
Rabies vector
No

Identification

Male
Black head with a green gloss and a round white spot in front of the yellow eye; white body; black back
Female
Grey body with a chocolate-brown head and a yellowish-tipped bill
Told apart from
Bufflehead, which is smaller with a large white patch behind the eye
Told apart from
Hooded merganser, which has a thin bill and a crest
Where to look
Large reservoirs and coastal waters, December to February

Behaviour

Goldeneyes dive for food on the bottom, turning over stones to find prey. Males display with a dramatic backward head-throw in late winter.

Why they matter

Goldeneyes nest in tree cavities in northern forests and winter on open water further south, and they dive in colder water than most ducks. Their numbers on a lake reflect how rich its bottom life is.

Reproduction and lifecycle

Nest — A tree cavity or nest box near northern lakes
Eggs — Usually 7 to 10
Incubation — About 28 to 32 days
Leaving the nest — Ducklings jump from the cavity a day or two after hatching
Flight — At about eight to nine weeks
Lifespan — Wild birds over fifteen years are recorded

Living around people

  • Goldeneyes use large reservoirs in Georgia in winter and are shy of boats.

Misconceptions

  • The whistling in flight is a call. It is the sound of the goldeneye's wings.

Related species

Seasonal activity

When this species is breeding, and when there are nests on the ground. Mowing during the shaded months is how most nests are found.

Breeding and active nests by month for this species
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
BreedingJan: noFeb: noMar: noApr: noMay: noJun: noJul: noAug: noSep: noOct: noNov: noDec: no
Active nestsJan: noFeb: noMar: noApr: noMay: noJun: noJul: noAug: noSep: noOct: noNov: noDec: no
NotesWintering; courtship displaysWinteringMigrating northNesting in tree cavities in the northIncubatingDucklings hatchingDucklings growingYoung flyingAdults moultingMigration beginsMoving southArriving in Georgia

Where it lives

Recorded in 63 states and provinces. Each one links to the other animals there, and to the rehabilitators licensed for them.

If you found one

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