Wildlife Clinic

Species

Bog turtle

Glyptemys muhlenbergii

North America's smallest turtle, living in a handful of mountain bogs in northeast Georgia.

A bog turtle among moss and grass, small and dark-shelled, with a bright orange blotch on the side of its head.

Photo US Army Corps of Engineers (opens in a new tab) / Wikimedia Commons, Public domain (opens in a new tab)

At a glance

Size
Shell usually 8 to 11 cm long
Habitat
Open, spring-fed mountain bogs and wet meadows with soft mud
Diet
Insects, worms, snails, seeds and berries
In Georgia
A few mountain bogs in northeast Georgia; very rare
Rabies vector
No

Identification

Key marks
Small, dark shell; bright orange or yellow blotch on each side of the head
Told apart from
Spotted turtle, which has yellow spots on its shell
Where to look
Almost never seen; its bogs are sensitive and best left undisturbed

Behaviour

Bog turtles live in shallow tunnels of soft mud and moss in open bogs fed by springs. They bask in the sun at the surface and burrow deep in the mud in winter.

Why they matter

Mountain bogs are among the rarest habitats in the Southeast, and bog turtles are one of their signature animals. They are protected under federal law, and their survival depends on keeping bogs open and wet.

Reproduction and lifecycle

Nest — Laid in tussocks of sedge or moss
Eggs — Usually 1 to 6
Incubation — About 45 to 65 days
Hatchlings — About 2.5 cm long
Maturity — At 5 to 10 years
Lifespan — Several decades

Living around people

  • Stay out of mountain bogs; trampling damages them, and the turtles are easily overlooked.
  • Bog turtles are protected under federal law.

Misconceptions

  • A tiny turtle must be a baby. Adult bog turtles are only the size of a hand's palm.

Related species

Seasonal activity

When this species is breeding, and when there are nests on the ground. Mowing during the shaded months is how most nests are found.

Breeding and active nests by month for this species
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
BreedingJan: noFeb: noMar: noApr: noMay: noJun: noJul: noAug: noSep: noOct: noNov: noDec: no
Active nestsJan: noFeb: noMar: noApr: noMay: noJun: noJul: noAug: noSep: noOct: noNov: noDec: no
NotesBuried in mudBuriedEmergingBasking and courtshipActiveNestingActiveHatchingHatchlings emergeBurrowing inBuriedBuried

Where it lives

Recorded in 12 states and provinces. Each one links to the other animals there, and to the rehabilitators licensed for them.

If you found one

Answer a few questions and you will get a specific answer for what you are looking at.

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