Wildlife Clinic

Species

American black duck

Anas rubripes

A dark, mallard-like duck of eastern wetlands, found in Georgia mostly in winter.

An American black duck standing on pale sand, its dark body, olive-yellow bill and violet-blue wing patch showing.

Photo Cephas (opens in a new tab) / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0 (opens in a new tab)

At a glance

Size
About 54 to 59 cm long
Weight
About 1 to 1.6 kg
Habitat
Salt marshes, tidal creeks, beaver ponds and wooded swamps
Diet
Aquatic plants, seeds, snails, mussels and insects
In Georgia
An uncommon winter visitor; a few breed in the north
Voice
A loud quack like a mallard's
Rabies vector
No

Identification

Key marks
Very dark brown body; paler, finely streaked head; yellow-green bill in males; violet-blue wing patch without white borders; white underwings flash in flight
Told apart from
Female mallard, which is paler with white borders to the wing patch
Told apart from
Mottled duck, which is paler brown with a buff, unstreaked face
Where to look
Coastal marshes and wooded ponds in winter

Behaviour

Black ducks are wary birds that feed by dabbling in shallow water and on mudflats. In winter many move to salt marshes, where they eat snails and other small animals as well as plants.

Why they matter

The American black duck declined sharply in the twentieth century as forests were cleared and mallards spread east and interbred with it. It has recovered somewhat as wetlands have been protected, and it remains one of the ducks most closely tied to the forested wetlands and salt marshes of the eastern seaboard.

Reproduction and lifecycle

Nest — A down-lined bowl hidden on the ground near water
Eggs — Usually 6 to 12
Incubation — About 25 to 29 days
Ducklings — Leave the nest within a day
Flight — At about seven to eight weeks
Lifespan — Usually a few years; some over twenty

Living around people

  • Black ducks avoid disturbed water and suffer where marshes are drained or crowded.
  • Feeding ducks at ponds favours mallards, which crowd out and interbreed with black ducks.

Misconceptions

  • A black duck is just a dark mallard. It is a separate species, though the two can interbreed.

Related species

Seasonal activity

When this species is breeding, and when there are nests on the ground. Mowing during the shaded months is how most nests are found.

Breeding and active nests by month for this species
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
BreedingJan: noFeb: noMar: noApr: noMay: noJun: noJul: noAug: noSep: noOct: noNov: noDec: no
Active nestsJan: noFeb: noMar: noApr: noMay: noJun: noJul: noAug: noSep: noOct: noNov: noDec: no
NotesWintering in marshesPairs formingMigrating northNesting farther northBroods hatching in the northDucklings growingAdults moultingYoung flyingMigration beginsMoving southArriving in GeorgiaWintering

Where it lives

Recorded in 34 states and provinces. Each one links to the other animals there, and to the rehabilitators licensed for them.

If you found one

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