Wildlife Clinic

Species

Swallow-tailed kite

Elanoides forficatus

An elegant black-and-white kite with a deeply forked tail, which eats insects and lizards in flight over southern river swamps.

A swallow-tailed kite gliding against a grey sky in Georgia, with a white head and body, black wings and a long, deeply forked black tail.

Photo Dan Vickers (opens in a new tab) / iNaturalist, CC BY 4.0 (opens in a new tab)

At a glance

Size
About 50 to 64 cm long; wingspan about 1.2 to 1.35 m
Weight
About 310 to 600 g
Habitat
River swamps, bottomland forest and open pine woods
Diet
Dragonflies, cicadas, lizards, tree frogs and nestling birds, caught in flight or snatched from treetops
In Georgia
A summer resident in the south and along the coast, March to August
Voice
A thin, high whistle
Rabies vector
No

Identification

Key marks
White head and body; black wings and a very long, deeply forked black tail
Told apart from
Mississippi kite, which is grey with a square tail
Where to look
Soaring over river swamps and pine woods, especially along the Altamaha and Satilla

Behaviour

Swallow-tailed kites spend much of the day in the air, eating and even drinking on the wing by skimming water. They gather in large groups before migrating to South America.

Why they matter

Swallow-tailed kites once nested as far north as Minnesota but disappeared from most of their range. Today they nest mainly in Florida, Georgia and South Carolina, and the river swamps of southeast Georgia are among their strongholds.

Reproduction and lifecycle

Nest — A cup of sticks and moss high in the top of a tall tree
Eggs — Usually two
Incubation — About 28 days
Chicks — Fed by both parents
Flight — At about five to six weeks
Lifespan — Several years

Living around people

  • Tall trees along rivers are their nest sites; keeping them standing helps.

Misconceptions

  • Kites are rare tropical birds. Swallow-tailed kites nest in Georgia every summer.

Related species

Seasonal activity

When this species is breeding, and when there are nests on the ground. Mowing during the shaded months is how most nests are found.

Breeding and active nests by month for this species
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
BreedingJan: noFeb: noMar: noApr: noMay: noJun: noJul: noAug: noSep: noOct: noNov: noDec: no
Active nestsJan: noFeb: noMar: noApr: noMay: noJun: noJul: noAug: noSep: noOct: noNov: noDec: no
NotesIn South AmericaIn South AmericaArrivingNestingNestingChicksYoung flying; gathering in groupsLeaving for South AmericaLast birdsIn South AmericaIn South AmericaIn South America

Where it lives

Recorded in 16 states and provinces. Each one links to the other animals there, and to the rehabilitators licensed for them.

If you found one

Answer a few questions and you will get a specific answer for what you are looking at.

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