Wildlife Clinic

Species

Suwannee alligator snapping turtle

Macrochelys suwanniensis

A giant snapping turtle found only in the Suwannee river system, including its headwaters in south Georgia.

A Suwannee alligator snapping turtle on a muddy bank, its massive head, hooked jaw and ridged shell in close view.

Photo Chris Coppola (opens in a new tab) / Wikimedia Commons, Public domain (opens in a new tab)

At a glance

Size
Shell up to about 75 cm long in large males
Weight
Adults commonly 20 to 70 kg
Habitat
Blackwater rivers, creeks and swamps
Diet
Fish, turtles, snails, crayfish, carrion and fallen fruit
In Georgia
The Suwannee, Alapaha and Withlacoochee river systems of south Georgia
Rabies vector
No

Identification

Key marks
Massive head, hooked beak, three tall ridges on the shell and eyes on the sides of the head
Told apart from
Alligator snapping turtle, which looks almost identical but lives in different river systems
Told apart from
Common snapping turtle, which has a smoother shell and eyes facing upward
Where to look
Rarely seen; sometimes caught by anglers

Behaviour

It lures fish with a worm-like flap on its tongue while lying still on the river bottom, and spends nearly its whole life in the water. It was recognised as a separate species in 2014.

Why they matter

With a range confined to one river system, it depends entirely on the Suwannee basin's health, including the rivers that rise in south Georgia.

Reproduction and lifecycle

Nest — Dug by the female near the river
Eggs — Usually 15 to 40
Incubation — About 100 to 140 days
Hatchlings — Small, rough-shelled
Maturity — At over ten years
Lifespan — Many decades

Living around people

  • Never try to pick one up. A turtle caught on a line is best released by cutting the line close to the mouth.

Misconceptions

  • It is just a local alligator snapper. Genetic study shows it is a species of its own.

Related species

Seasonal activity

When this species is breeding, and when there are nests on the ground. Mowing during the shaded months is how most nests are found.

Breeding and active nests by month for this species
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
BreedingJan: noFeb: noMar: noApr: noMay: noJun: noJul: noAug: noSep: noOct: noNov: noDec: no
Active nestsJan: noFeb: noMar: noApr: noMay: noJun: noJul: noAug: noSep: noOct: noNov: noDec: no
NotesInactive in deep waterInactiveBecoming activeCourtshipNestingNestingFeedingHatchingHatchlings emergeFeedingSlowing downInactive

Where it lives

Recorded in 2 states and provinces. Each one links to the other animals there, and to the rehabilitators licensed for them.

United States

If you found one

Answer a few questions and you will get a specific answer for what you are looking at.

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