Wildlife Clinic

Species

Saltmarsh sparrow

Ammospiza caudacuta

A declining sparrow of tidal marshes, whose nests are flooded more often as seas rise.

A saltmarsh sparrow perched in marsh grass, with an orange-buff face around a grey cheek, a dark crown and crisp dark streaks across its whitish breast.

Photo Zac Peterson (opens in a new tab) / iNaturalist, CC BY 4.0 (opens in a new tab)

At a glance

Size
About 12 to 14 cm long
Weight
About 17 to 23 g
Habitat
Salt marshes in winter
Diet
Insects and seeds
In Georgia
A winter visitor in coastal marshes
Voice
Mostly quiet in winter
Rabies vector
No

Identification

Key marks
Orange face with a grey cheek; sharp dark streaks on the breast
Told apart from
Nelson's sparrow, which has blurrier streaks
Where to look
Salt marsh edges at high tide in winter

Behaviour

Saltmarsh sparrows live entirely in tidal marshes and time their nesting between the highest tides.

Why they matter

The saltmarsh sparrow is one of the most threatened songbirds in North America; rising seas flood its nests more often, and its population may collapse within decades. Georgia's marshes are an important winter home.

Reproduction and lifecycle

Nest — A cup in marsh grass, just above typical high tides
Eggs — Usually three to five
Incubation — About 11 to 12 days
Chicks — Fed by the female
Lifespan — A few years

Living around people

  • Protecting marshes and leaving room for them to move inland helps these sparrows.

Misconceptions

  • Sea-level rise is a distant threat. For the saltmarsh sparrow it is already happening.

Related species

Seasonal activity

When this species is breeding, and when there are nests on the ground. Mowing during the shaded months is how most nests are found.

Breeding and active nests by month for this species
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
BreedingJan: noFeb: noMar: noApr: noMay: noJun: noJul: noAug: noSep: noOct: noNov: noDec: no
Active nestsJan: noFeb: noMar: noApr: noMay: noJun: noJul: noAug: noSep: noOct: noNov: noDec: no
NotesWinteringWinteringWinteringLeavingNesting in northern marshesNestingNestingNestingMigratingArrivingWinteringWintering

Where it lives

Recorded in 14 states and provinces. Each one links to the other animals there, and to the rehabilitators licensed for them.

If you found one

Answer a few questions and you will get a specific answer for what you are looking at.

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