Wildlife Clinic

Species

Oak toad

Anaxyrus quercicus

A tiny toad of sandy pine woods, active by day, whose call sounds like a peeping chick.

An oak toad sitting on pale sand, tiny and warty, dark grey spotted with orange and marked by a pale stripe down its back.

Photo Bob Peterson from North Palm Beach, Florida, Planet Earth! (opens in a new tab) / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0 (opens in a new tab)

At a glance

Size
About 2 to 3.5 cm long
Habitat
Sandy pine flatwoods, sandhills and oak scrub
Diet
Ants and other small insects
In Georgia
The Coastal Plain
Voice
A high, chick-like peeping
Rabies vector
No

Identification

Key marks
Very small; grey to black with a pale stripe down the back; red or orange warts
Told apart from
Young southern toads, which lack the stripe and orange warts
Where to look
On sandy ground in the daytime after rain

Behaviour

Oak toads are North America's smallest toad and, unlike most, are active by day. They breed in shallow, temporary pools after summer rains.

Why they matter

They eat ants and small insects and depend on temporary pools in pine woods.

Reproduction and lifecycle

Eggs — Small strings in shallow pools
Hatching — In a day or two
Tadpoles — Change into toadlets in 4 to 8 weeks
Maturity — Within a year
Lifespan — A few years
Calling — During summer rains

Living around people

  • It is harmless; seasonal pools in pine woods are what it needs.

Misconceptions

  • A tiny toad is always a baby. The oak toad is fully grown.

Related species

Seasonal activity

When this species is breeding, and when there are nests on the ground. Mowing during the shaded months is how most nests are found.

Breeding and active nests by month for this species
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
BreedingJan: noFeb: noMar: noApr: noMay: noJun: noJul: noAug: noSep: noOct: noNov: noDec: no
Active nestsJan: noFeb: noMar: noApr: noMay: noJun: noJul: noAug: noSep: noOct: noNov: noDec: no
NotesBurrowedBurrowedBurrowedEmergingBreeding after rainBreedingBreedingToadletsActiveBurrowing inBurrowedBurrowed

Where it lives

Recorded in 8 states and provinces. Each one links to the other animals there, and to the rehabilitators licensed for them.

If you found one

Answer a few questions and you will get a specific answer for what you are looking at.

I found an animal