Wildlife Clinic

Species

Dunlin

Calidris alpina

A small sandpiper with a drooping bill, gathering in huge, wheeling flocks on Georgia's mudflats in winter.

A dunlin in grey winter plumage standing on a rock covered in bright green algae, its long drooping bill in profile.

Photo Navin Sasikumar (opens in a new tab) / iNaturalist, CC BY 4.0 (opens in a new tab)

At a glance

Size
About 16 to 22 cm long
Weight
About 50 to 60 g
Habitat
Mudflats, beaches and salt marshes
Diet
Marine worms, small clams, insects and crustaceans
In Georgia
An abundant winter visitor on the coast
Voice
A rough "kree"
Rabies vector
No

Identification

Key marks
Longish bill drooping at the tip; in winter plain grey-brown above and whitish below; in spring rusty back and black belly patch
Told apart from
Western sandpiper, which is smaller with a shorter bill
Told apart from
Sanderling, which is much paler and runs along the surf
Where to look
Mudflats at low tide; flocks roosting at high tide

Behaviour

Dunlin probe mud rapidly with their bills. Winter flocks can number in thousands, twisting and turning together in flight to confuse falcons.

Why they matter

Dunlin are among the most numerous wintering shorebirds on Georgia's coast, and their flocks feed merlins, peregrines and other predators. Their synchronised flight is one of the finest sights on a winter mudflat.

Reproduction and lifecycle

Nest — A scrape in a grassy tussock on tundra
Eggs — Usually four
Incubation — About 21 to 22 days
Chicks — Leave the nest within a day
Flight — At about 19 to 21 days
Lifespan — Wild birds over twenty years are recorded

Living around people

  • Resting flocks at high tide are easily scattered by people, dogs and boats; giving roosts space helps.

Misconceptions

  • A flock wheeling in the air is migrating. Often it is evading a falcon.

Related species

Seasonal activity

When this species is breeding, and when there are nests on the ground. Mowing during the shaded months is how most nests are found.

Breeding and active nests by month for this species
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
BreedingJan: noFeb: noMar: noApr: noMay: noJun: noJul: noAug: noSep: noOct: noNov: noDec: no
Active nestsJan: noFeb: noMar: noApr: noMay: noJun: noJul: noAug: noSep: noOct: noNov: noDec: no
NotesWintering in large flocksWinteringWinteringMoulting into breeding plumageMigrating northNesting in the ArcticNestingMoulting in the northMigrating southArrivingWinteringWintering

Where it lives

Recorded in 61 states and provinces. Each one links to the other animals there, and to the rehabilitators licensed for them.

If you found one

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