Wildlife Clinic

Species

Brown-headed cowbird

Molothrus ater

A small blackbird that lays its eggs in other birds' nests and leaves them to raise its young.

A male brown-headed cowbird perched on a log, glossy blue-black with a chocolate-brown head and a short, conical bill.

Photo Rhododendrites (opens in a new tab) / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens in a new tab)

At a glance

Size
About 16 to 22 cm long
Weight
About 40 to 50 g
Habitat
Fields, pastures, woodland edges and suburbs
Diet
Seeds, grain and insects
In Georgia
Common resident statewide
Voice
A liquid, gurgling song and a whistled call
Rabies vector
No

Identification

Male
Glossy black with a brown head
Female
Plain grey-brown
Told apart from
Common grackle, which is larger with a long tail
Where to look
Pastures near cattle and horses, and feeders

Behaviour

Female cowbirds lay eggs in the nests of more than 200 other species and leave the hosts to raise their young. Cowbird chicks often hatch first and grow faster than their nest-mates.

Why they matter

Cowbirds once followed bison herds across the plains, feeding on insects stirred up by the animals — a life that made staying to tend a nest impossible. As forests were cleared, they spread east and now parasitise many songbirds that had little defence.

Reproduction and lifecycle

Nest — None; eggs laid in other birds' nests
Eggs — A female may lay dozens in a season
Incubation — About 10 to 12 days, by the host
Chicks — Raised by the host parents
Lifespan — Several years

Living around people

  • Cowbirds and their eggs are protected under federal law like other native birds.
  • A songbird feeding a much larger chick is raising a cowbird.

Misconceptions

  • Cowbirds are evil. They are simply following a strategy that evolved with bison herds.

Related species

Seasonal activity

When this species is breeding, and when there are nests on the ground. Mowing during the shaded months is how most nests are found.

Breeding and active nests by month for this species
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
BreedingJan: noFeb: noMar: noApr: noMay: noJun: noJul: noAug: noSep: noOct: noNov: noDec: no
Active nestsJan: noFeb: noMar: noApr: noMay: noJun: noJul: noAug: noSep: noOct: noNov: noDec: no
NotesWinter flocksFlocksEgg laying beginsEgg layingEgg layingEgg layingYoung cowbirds leaving host nestsFlocksFlocksFlocksFlocksFlocks

Where it lives

Recorded in 87 states and provinces. Each one links to the other animals there, and to the rehabilitators licensed for them.

If you found one

Answer a few questions and you will get a specific answer for what you are looking at.

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