Wildlife Clinic

Species

American toad

Anaxyrus americanus

The big garden toad of north Georgia, with a long musical trill in spring.

An American toad sitting on a mossy rock, warty and mottled in brown and black, with golden eyes.

Photo Cephas (opens in a new tab) / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0 (opens in a new tab)

At a glance

Size
About 5 to 9 cm long
Habitat
Woods, fields, gardens and suburbs
Diet
Insects, slugs, worms and spiders
In Georgia
The mountains and Piedmont
Voice
A long, sweet musical trill lasting up to 30 seconds
Rabies vector
No

Identification

Key marks
Warty brown or reddish; one or two large warts in each dark spot; spotted belly
Told apart from
Fowler's toad, which has three or more warts per spot and an unspotted belly
Where to look
In gardens and woods at night; breeding in ponds in early spring

Behaviour

American toads are among the first amphibians to breed in spring in north Georgia. They live on land away from water most of the year and are active on damp nights.

Why they matter

They eat great numbers of insects and slugs, and their tadpoles graze algae in ponds.

Reproduction and lifecycle

Eggs — Thousands, in long double strings
Hatching — In about a week
Tadpoles — Black; change into toadlets in about 6 to 8 weeks
Maturity — In two to three years
Lifespan — Several years
Calling — In early spring

Living around people

  • Toads in the garden are pest control; wash hands after handling one.

Misconceptions

  • Handling a toad gives you warts. It does not.

Related species

Seasonal activity

When this species is breeding, and when there are nests on the ground. Mowing during the shaded months is how most nests are found.

Breeding and active nests by month for this species
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
BreedingJan: noFeb: noMar: noApr: noMay: noJun: noJul: noAug: noSep: noOct: noNov: noDec: no
Active nestsJan: noFeb: noMar: noApr: noMay: noJun: noJul: noAug: noSep: noOct: noNov: noDec: no
NotesBurrowedBurrowedBreedingBreedingToadlets leaving pondsActive at nightActiveActiveActiveActive on warm nightsBurrowing inBurrowed

Where it lives

Recorded in 42 states and provinces. Each one links to the other animals there, and to the rehabilitators licensed for them.

If you found one

Answer a few questions and you will get a specific answer for what you are looking at.

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