Wildlife Clinic

Species

Southern hognose snake

Heterodon simus

A small, rare hognose of sandhills with a sharply upturned snout for digging out toads.

A southern hognose snake on white sand, grey-brown with dark blotches and a sharply upturned snout.

Photo Glenn Bartolotti (opens in a new tab) / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0 (opens in a new tab)

At a glance

Size
Usually 35 to 55 cm long
Habitat
Sandhills, longleaf pine woods and dry, sandy fields
Diet
Toads, frogs and lizards
In Georgia
The Coastal Plain; rare
Venomous
No
Rabies vector
No

Identification

Key marks
Stout, pale with dark blotches; sharply upturned snout; dark underside of the tail no darker than the belly
Told apart from
Eastern hognose snake, which is larger with a blunter snout
Where to look
In deep sand; rarely seen

Behaviour

Like its larger relative it bluffs, hisses and may play dead. It digs through sand with its snout to find toads.

Why they matter

It has disappeared from much of its range with the loss of sandhills and longleaf pine, and is one of the rarest snakes of the Southeast.

Reproduction and lifecycle

Eggs — Usually 6 to 10
Nest — In loose sand
Incubation — About 60 days
Hatchlings — Small and blotched
Maturity — In a few years
Lifespan — Several years

Living around people

  • It is harmless; any sighting of this rare snake is worth recording on iNaturalist.

Misconceptions

  • It is venomous. It is harmless and bluffs.

Related species

Seasonal activity

When this species is breeding, and when there are nests on the ground. Mowing during the shaded months is how most nests are found.

Breeding and active nests by month for this species
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
BreedingJan: noFeb: noMar: noApr: noMay: noJun: noJul: noAug: noSep: noOct: noNov: noDec: no
Active nestsJan: noFeb: noMar: noApr: noMay: noJun: noJul: noAug: noSep: noOct: noNov: noDec: no
NotesUndergroundUndergroundEmergingActiveMatingLayingActiveHatchingActiveActiveUndergroundUnderground

Where it lives

Recorded in 4 states and provinces. Each one links to the other animals there, and to the rehabilitators licensed for them.

If you found one

Answer a few questions and you will get a specific answer for what you are looking at.

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